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1^11 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.Qrg/details/highpressuresteaOObabc 


COPYRIGHTED  BY 
THE  BABCOCK  & WILCOX  CO.. 

US95 


PRESS  OF 

BARTLETT  & COMPANY 


NEW  YORK. 


* 


■* 


HIGH  PRESSURE 
STEAM 


THE"[bABCOCK  & VGLCOX^CO^) 

29  CORTLANDT  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

AND 

BABCOCK  & WILCOX,  L IMITED 

147  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  LONDON 


NEW  YORK  AND  LONDON 


APRIL.  1895 


1000 


WH ILE  all  the  manufacturing  world 
have  been  investigating  their 
scrap  heaps,  and  in  many  instances 
making  their  profits  out  of  by  and  waste 
products,  economies  in  steam  power 
have  also  received  attention. 

The  necessity  of  reducing  the  cost  has 
made  imperative  the  steady  rise  in  steam 
pressures  that  has  been  so  marked  in  the 
last  few  years,  and  the  same  causes  will 
force  them  still  higher. 

The  governing  factors  having  the  great- 
est influence  have  undoubtedly  been, 
primarily,  to  obtain  decreased  coal  con- 
sumption, with  its  attendant  economies  in 
handling  and  storage,  and,  secondarily, 
the  necessity  of  placing  the  greatest 
amount  of  power  in  a given  space,  to 
save  in  real  estate  investments  and  size 
of  buildings. 

For  many  years  the  pressures  carried  on 
locomotives  in  this  country  greatly  ex- 
ceeded those  carried  on  stationaryplants 
It  started  at  about  ioo  pounds,  rose  to 
120  in  i860,  to  150  in  1880,  and  at  the 
present  time  as  high  as  180  pounds  pres- 
sure is  carried  on  compound  locomotives. 

The  earlier  stationary  plants  were 
mostly  low  pressure  or  condensing,  and 
it  was  not  until  the  advent  of  the  high 
speed  engine  that  pressures  approach- 
ing locomotive  practice  were  commonly 
adopted.  In  1875  the  pressures  carried 
on  the  best  class  of  stationary  plants  did 
not  average  over  65  pounds,  in  18S0 
about  90  pounds,  in  1890  about  125 
pounds,  and  to-day  pressures  ranging 
from  185  to  250  pounds  are  not  uncom- 
mon where  the  highest  economy  is  re- 
quired. driving  compound,  triple  and 
quadruple  expansion  engines. 

In  this,  as  in  many  other  lines  of  me- 
chanical development,  the  large  electric 
power  plants  have  led  the  way.  The 


severe  requirements  of  their  service — 
demanding  economy  and  absolute  cer- 
tainty of  action,  conjoined  with  sudden 
and  enormous  fluctuations  of  load,  and 
the  necessity  at  times  of  forcing  every 
device  to  its  utmost  capacity — have  given 
the  engineering  public  a series  of  ideal 
practical  tests,  in  which  the  value  of  high 
pressure  for  all  power  purposes  has  been 
amply  proved. 

The  sectional  water  tube  boiler  has 
made  possible  this  rise  in  pressure  and 
consequent  gain  in  economy,  having 
superseded  the  shell  boiler  to  a great 
extent.  The  most  successful  of  those 
are  based  on  the  original  design  by 
Stephen  Wilcox  in  1856.  This  was  the 
first  water  tube  boiler  with  inclined  tubes 
connecting  water  spaces  at  front  and 
rear  with  an  overhead  steam  and  water 
reservoir  lying  horizontally  and  parallel 
with  the  tubes,  and  producing  a continu- 
ous round  of  water  circulation  by  a cross 
flow  of  furnace  gases  at  right  angles  to 
the  tubes. 

The  power  plants  of  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  (1876)  and  the  World’s  Fair 
(Chicago,  1893,)  may  be  taken  as  fairly 
representative  of  the  best  boiler  engi- 
neering of  their  time,  and  the  special 
features  of  the  boilers  exhibited  may  be 
studied  to  advantage. 


4 


7 


mmmniwmm 

m m m m ^ v.  w,  i* . 

/ 

i|lll  IN  l|  ■HlllllUljl 

CENTENNIAL  EXHIBIT,  1876. 


* 


At  the  Centennial  Exhibition  the  power  plant  was  made  up  of  boilers  that  may 
be  classified  as  follows,  the  horse-power  being  that  obtained  by  tests  : 


1ST.  SHELL  BOILERS, 


Having  an  aggregate  horse-power  in  excess  of  all  other  styles  combined,  as  follows: 


-° 

^<Too\ 

000  oo\ 

"000-0  o\ 

0 -00  00  \ 

"000000  \ 

x 

°°o3o\ 

0 0 1 0 0/\ 

00001  / 1 \ 

0 1 0 0 / 0 \ 
0,0  0%  00) 

'\o  ocxo  0 0 

.o\o  o\ooo 

0 0 0/00  0/ 

000/0  0/  / 

' 0 V 0 o\  0 0 

0 o\op\o  0 

0 0 Jo  0/0  X 

0 0/0  p/o  0 / 

'\o 

o\oXi 0 0 
3 0y 0 0 0 
k / 0 c 0 0 
70000 
/ 00000 
— 00000 
00000 

0 0 c 0 0 

: 

0 O OVL  0 

0 0 0 0 \o  ^ 
0000  y 

0 00  0 o\ 

OOOOO" 

00000 

OOOOO 

k 

PIERCE  (rotaryl 


65  H.-P.  ANDREWS  (“fire  box”)  . 55  H.-P. 


PIERCE 

65 

ANDREWS 

5 5 

LOWE  . . 

66 

GALLOWAY 

127 

There  were  also  twenty  Corliss  boilers,  plain  vertical  tubulars,  4 feet  diameter  by 
14  feet  high,  having  a total  of  13.000  square  feet  of  heating  surface.  These  were  not 
tested. 


* 


* 


9 


OF  BOILER  SHOP 


2D.  CAST-METAL  SECTIONAL  BOILERS. 


^HARRISON 

EXETER 


io^  H.-P.  , 

[ Total 
87  “ ^ 


192  H.-P. 


3D.  NON-SECTIONAL  WATER  TUBE  BOILERS. 


FIRMENICH 


FIRHENICH 


. 6s  H.-P. 


. 65  H.-P.  ) 


ROGERS  & BLACK 


63  H.-P. 


ROGERS  & BLACK  63 


s 


Total 


128  H.-P. 


1 

L-  * J _ » 

Ijm'vsm&M  3j> 

4TH.  SECTIONAL  WATER  TUBE  BOILERS. 


BABCOCK  & WILCOX  . 17SH.-P.  ★ROOT  140  H P. 


WIEGAND 

156  H.-P 

BABCOCK  & WILCOX 

178  H.-P 

ANDERSON 

126  “ 

KELLY  . 

96  - 

★ ROOT  . . 

140  “ 

WIEGAND 

156  “ 

Total 

. 696  “ 

fit 


KELLY 


96  H.-P. 


Making  a total  power  plant,  Corliss  not 
included,  of  1369  TI.-P. 


!3 


■>« 


\ . / WHAT  HAS  BEEN  THEIR  RECORD  SINCE? 

IV_Y0*  v 

— 'Those  marked  with  a dash  arc  no  longer  built;  those  marked  with  a star  ★ 


are  no  longer  built  as  then  exhibited. 


In  the  Harrison  boiler  the  particular 
disposition  of  the  units  of  heating  surface 
in  relation  to  the  fire  has  been  changed. 


The  Root  boiler  has  been  changed 
from  a cross  steam  drum  connected  to 
the  front  end  of  a bank  of  tubes  having 
an  internal  circulation  within  the  bank, 


to  a steam  and  water  drum  running  par- 
allel with  the  tubes,  connected  to  the 
front  and  rear  end  of  the  bank  of  tubes, 
the  circulation  running  through  it,  em- 
bodying the  Wilcox  circulation. 


This  leaves  three  shell  boilers  fitted  to  carry  low  pressure,  the  Lowe,  the  Galloway 
and  the  Corliss,  and  one  sectional  high  pressure  boiler,  the  Babcock  & Wilcox,  as  the 
only  ones  that  have  survived  the  test  of  time  as  then  built,  except  in  some  minor 
details  of  construction. 

It  is  well  to  note  that  both  the  non-sectional  water  tube  boilers,  the  Firmenich  and 
Rogers  & Black,  were  abandoned ; also  that  the  cast-metal  sectional  boilers  proved 
failures  for  power  purposes  and  have  been  practically  abandoned. 


MirijK: 


WORLD’S  FAIR,  CHICAGO,  1393. 

At  the  World’s  Fair,  in  Chicago  ( 1893),  there  was  19,700  horse-power  used  in  the 
power  plant. 

Based  on  the  evaporation  that  they  were  contracted  to  deliver  (30  pounds  of 
water  per  horse-power  from  100  degrees  feed  into  steam  at  70  pounds  pressure)  there 
were  the  following: 


SECTIONAL  WATER  TUBE  BOILERS. 


NATIONAL  (KELLY)  . 1500  H.-P. 


ZELL  HEADERS. 


«<■ 


GILL 


1500  H.-I 


GILL  HEADERS. 


BABCOCK  & WILCOX 

ROOT 

GILL  . . . 

NATIONAL  ... 

CAHPBELL  & ZELL. 

Making  a total  of  11,250  H.-P.  of  sectional  water  tube  boilers,  all  of  which  were  based 
on  the  principles  of  the  Wilcox  patent  of  1856. 

At  the  Centennial  the  Babcock  & Wilcox  exhibit  was  the  only  boiler  embodying 
the  Wilcox  principle. 


o 


000  H P 
1500 
1500 
iqoo 


V Total 


11,250  H.-P 


WILCOX  DESIGN  (1856), 


* 


* 

NON-SECTIONAL  WATER  TUBE  BOILERS. 


Of  the  non-sectional  water  tube  type  there  were  3750  horse-power  of  Heine  boilers 
y with  stayed  water  legs)  being  a modified  form  of  Maynard  s design  of  1870. 


Also  2700  horse-power  of  Stirling  boilers  (a  modified  form  of  Firmenich  s exhibit 
at  the  Centennial  in  1876). 


* 


21 


* 


STiRLINO  (1893), 


FIRHEN1CH  (1876) 


Also  2000  horse-power  of  Climax  or  Morrin  boilers  ia  modification  of  Rogers  & 


Black’s  bent-tube  Centennial  exhibit  of  1876 


The  three  last-mentioned  boilers,  the 
Heine,  Stirling  and  Climax,  must  all  be 
classed  as  non-sectional  water  tube 
boilers. 

Not  a single  example  of  the  shell 
boiler  was  exhibited  under  pressure  in 
the  power  plant. 

It  is  due  to  the  developments  embodied 
in  the  World’s  Fair  exhibit  in  1893  that 
pressures  of  about  125  pounds  are  com- 
mon in  first-class  steam  plants.  By 
them  the  sectional  principle,  as  in  con- 
tradistinction to  the  non-sectional  water 
tube  and  shell  boilers,  has  been  demon- 
strated to  be  the  best  and  most  available 
for  obtaining  the  maximum  of  economy 
and  safety,  and  minimum  of  deprecia- 
tion in  ability  to  carry  high  pressures  l 
and  in  cost  of  repairs. 


ROGERS  & BLACK  (1876). 


But  as  in  the  past  the  shell  boiler  and 
boilers  having  stayed  surfaces  reached 
their  limit  of  comparative  safety  at  about 
100  pounds,  and  were  superseded  by  the 
sectional  type,  so  have  the  ordinary 
forms  of  sectional  water  tube  boilers 
using  cast-metal  parts  reached  their 
limit  of  absolutely  safe  endurance  at 
about  125  pounds,  and  still  the  demand 
for  higher  pressures  is  forced  upon  the 
manufacturer  by  the  competitive  calls 
for  better  economy  and  higher  evapora- 
tive duty  per  square  foot  of  heating 
surface. 

The  present  demands  are  such  that 
to  produce  a safe  and  satisfactory  high 
pressure  boiler,  every  item  of  “ boiler- 
maker’s” work  must  be  discarded — the 
engineer  and  machinist  must  take  his 


place.  Brains,  high-grade  materials  and 
close  mechanical  tits  must  supersede 
rule  of  thumb,  stays  and  drift  pin  en- 
gineering. 

It  is  not  enough  to  build  a boiler  that 
will  just  barely  carry  the  pressure  re- 
quired when  the  plant  starts  up,  but  it 
must  be  able  to  carry  this  pressure  for  a 
long  term  of  years,  and,  if  necessary,  to 
carry  any  reasonable  increase  in  load 
that  the  balance  of  the  plant  will  also 
carry.  This  is  an  absolutely  necessary 
requirement,  otherwise  some  local  or 
insurance  inspection  is  liable  at  any  time 
to  cut  the  pressure  down  to  a point  where 
the  engines  cannot  give  either  their  best 
economy  or  deliver  the  required  capacity. 
1'he  owners  should  command  the  situa- 
tion and  be  able  to  demand  an  increase 
of  pressure  instead  of  being  forced  to 
submit  to  a reduction. 

For  high  pressures,  boilers  with  shells 
of  large  diameter,  whether  internally  or 
externally  fired,  are  no  longer  admissible. 
1'heir  deterioration  under  heavy  strains 
is  too  rapid  to  warrant  the  danger  of 
running  them. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  any  con- 
struction depending  on  stays.  The  latter 
are  simply  a substitution  of  brute  force 
for  skill  in  designing.  They  are  gen- 
erally so  placed  that  inspection  is  impos- 
sible, and  if  any  one  of  the  hundred  or 
more  used  in  an  ordinary  size  boiler  is 
defective,  either  through  flaws  in  the 
material,  improper  workmanship  or  cor- 
rosion. the  structure  is  dangerous.  In 
fact,  the  large  stayed  surfaces  of  some 
classes  of  boilers  can  only  be  viewed  as 
aggregations  of  possible  defects. 

The  next  stage  in  high  pressure  de- 
velopment, the  non-sectional  water  tube 
boiler,  must  also  be  discarded.  As  a 
class  they  have  been  failures,  and  all 
possess  grave  structural  defects.  All  of 
those  made  up  of  bent  tubes,  and  some 


of  them  made  of  straight,  cannot  be 
cleaned.  No  matter  what  their  original 
efficiency  and  economy,  due  to  this  one 
defect,  they  contain  the  certain  elements 
of  self-destruction  following  close  on  the 
heels  of  extravagant  fuel  bills  and  fre- 
quent repairs. 

No  provision  is  made  in  the  non-sec- 
tional water  tube  boiler  for  correcting 
the  defects  and  decay  that  are  insepara- 
ble from  all  human  constructions.  Mate- 
rial, design  and  workmanship  may  all  be 
good,  but  they  may  not.  Some  hidden 
defect  is  developed  in  service,  is  caused 
by  low'  water  or  lack  of  cleaning,  and 
then  comes  repairs. 

On  a non-sectional  boiler  repairs 
mean  patches.  Even  the  casual  re- 
newal of  tubes  in  tube  sheets  of  large 
area,  or  a drum  full  of  holes,  means  the 
stretching  of  the  holes  and  the  over- 
straining of  the  metal,  unfitting  it  for 
high  pressures  and  making  it  as  a whole 
defective ; it  becomes  a chain  with  a 
weak  link  no  longer  fitted  to  carry  the 
strain  that  the  balance  of  the  structure 
is  amply  strong  to  withstand.  Patch  it 
again?  No.  Adopt  the  one  form  that 
avoids  such  difficulties — the  sectional 
water  tube  boiler.  Make  it  not  only  so 
it  can  be  cleaned,  but  cleaned  and  in- 
spected from  the  outside,  not  by  a work- 
man squeezed  through  a manhole  work- 
ing away  in  the  dark,  hidden  from  the 
eye  of  the  superintendent  inside  of  a 
drum  where  he  cannot  or  will  not  go. 
Build  it  up  of  units  that  can  be  removed 
when  defective  and  replaced  by  others, 
leaving  it  as  perfect  as  when  new'. 

For  high  pressures — and  they  must  be 
used  or  economy  cannot  be  obtained — 
avoid  cast  metal  in  pressure  parts  ; avoid 
its  uncertainties  and  lack  of  strength. 
Use  wrought-steel. 

Such  are  the  logical  conclusions  to 
which  the  steam  user  must  arrive  if  in 


■* 


studying  the  progress  of  the  past  he  is 
to  benefit  himself  by  actual  experience 
obtained  at  infinite  cost  and  effort. 

Such  are  the  conclusions  of  the  man- 
ufacturers of  the  Babcock  & Wilcox 
boiler,  based  on  actual  experience  cover- 
ing twenty-seven  years,  with  over  one 
and  a half  millions  of  horse-power  of  the 
boilers  running  under  every  conceivable 
condition. 

The  Babcock  & Wilcox  Company, 
acting  strictly  on  the  lines  of  their  past 
success,  based  on  the  belief  that  there 
is  always  a market  for  the  best  that  can 
be  made,  have  brought  the  sectional 
type  to  its  present  perfection,  adopting 


as  their  standard  a wrought-steel  sec- 
tional boiler  built  for  any  desired  pres- 
sure. The  drums,  drum  heads,  man- 
hole plates  and  flanged  connections,  the 
cross  boxes  and  headers  into  w'hich  the 
tubes  are  expanded,  and  all  their  hand- 
hole fittings,  are  hydraulic  forged  out  of 
the  best  open  hearth  steel,  every  piece 
being  annealed  after  forging.  The  fittings 
are  designed  and  tested  especially  for  long 
and  continuous  serv  ice  at  high  pressure. 

They  invite  attention  to  the  annexed 
detail  specification  on  which  all  bids  are 
made,  and  to  the  cuts  of  their  various 
shops  indicating  their  facilities  for  filling 
orders. 


NAT.  W PRATT. 

E.H  BENNETT.  Dfr'/foft 


J.C  V/ARD,  WtVJt/r'/ 
C.A. MILLER,  fm Won/ 


urns 


II  XWfV 

© coniti^^x. 


BOSTON.  * 0/Or.’\  iftfft. 

PHILADELPHIA  j-i.  Ib.J'ti'f. 

BU  F FALO.  N Y.  f/h  Co  Son/.'//, i //(III/'  /•/'/,/ 

PITTSBURGH.  Conn  l/lf  Will/ 

NEW  ORLEANS.  13$ Co/MIf/lt.  / Vt 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  fin/*  • ' • ' 


Chicago,.  V/0 . Uaswur  / r/u/oe. 

CINCINNATI,  o.  90C . I rut  r /i /ill/. 

Minneapolis.  60/ Cn/n £\rfia/n/t' 
st.  lo  u i s.  m o . \ / 7 . Sri  /tnh/  Jilt//, 

HAVANA  CUBA  //O'-  Cdlll  (/( I/lHdbtUUl , 

‘-ONTRE  AL  CANADA.  //}  /Joillli  uC  7Yailf’  /)//// 


SIMA  II  R ATION 

No. 


New  York,  189). 

WE  PROPOSE  TO  FURNISH  TO 


Oi  l'll  K 


™V1R  H.-P.  WROUGHT-STEEL  SECTIONAL 

NO  EM  ENT  BOILERS. 


(i  H.-P. — 30  Lbs.  of  Water  Evaporated  Per  Hour  from  ioo  Degrees 
at  70  Lbs.  Pressure.) 


HAVING  A TOTAL  OF  SQUARE  FEET  OF  HEATING  SURFACE 

AND  SQUARE  FEET  OF  GRATE  SURFACE. 

ARRANGED  TO  BE  SET  BOILER  IN  BATTERY. 

AS  PER  '1  HE  FOLLOWING  SPECIFICATION. 

The  heating  surface  of  each  boiler  to  consist  of 
steam  and  water  drum  inches  in  diameter  and  feet 
inches  long,  placed  above  and  connected  to  a set  of 
sections  of  tubes,  each  section  consisting  of  tubes, 
inches  in  diameter  and  feet  long.  The  lower  ends  of  the 
sections  to  be  connected  to  a mud-drum.  The  connections 
between  all  parts  to  be  made  by  expanding  wrought  tubes 
into  bored  tube  seats. 


SPECIFICATION 
OF  OPEN 
HEARTH  STEEL 


WROUGHT-STEEL. 

All  wrought-metal  for  pressure  parts,  except  tubes,  to 
be  of  the  best  open  hearth  steel,  having  a tensile  strength  of 
from  56,000  to  62,000  pounds  per  square  inch,  to  show  an 
elongation  of  not  less  than  25  per  cent,  in  a parallel  test 
piece  of  8 inches,  accompanied  by  a reduction  in  area  of  at 
least  50  per  cent.  ; to  endure  bending  double  upon  itself  both 
before  and  after  being  brought  to  a flanging  heat  and 
quenched. 

All  forgings  for  pressure  parts  to  be  made  of  the  above 
steel  by  hydraulic  presses  and  annealed  after  completion. 


FORGINGS. 


THICKNESS  OF 
SHEETS. 


RIVET  SEAMS. 


DRUM  CONSTRUCTION. 

The  cylindrical  portion  of  the  drum  to  be  made  of  three 
sheets,  each  inch  thick,  the  longitudinal  seams  butt- 
strapped  inside  and  out.  The  seams  to  have  two  rows  of 
rivets  passing  through  both  straps  and  the  shell,  and  two  rows 
through  the  shell  and 
inner  strap  only,  the 
butt  straps  to  be  bent 
to  a proper  radius  in  a hydraulic  press.  The  circular  seams 
lap-joint,  single  riveted.  The  edges  of  all  plates  to  be  planed. 


26 


ameter  of  rivets  to  be  used,  through  steel  templates,  and 
drilled  out  to  full  size  after  the  sheets  are  rolled  and 
assembled  with  their  butt-straps. 

After  drilling,  the  straps  are  to  be  removed,  all  burrs 
cleaned  off,  and 
the  plates  as- 
sembled, metal 
to  metal,  with 
parallel  turned 
bolts  fitting  the 
holes  before  riv- 
eting. 

assembling.  Each  course 

to  be  built  inde- 
pendently to 
template.  The 
various  courses 
and  their  heads  to  be  assembled  by  a hydraulic  forcing 
press,  at  a pressure  of  not  less  than  1 2 tons. 


27 


RIVET 

PRESSURE 

DRUM  HEADS 


All  rivets  to  be  driven  with  60  tons  pressure  and 
held  until  cool. 

All  drum-heads  to  be  fitted  with  manholes.  The  heads 
to  be  hydraulic  forged  at  a single  heat,  with  manhole  ring 
and  stiffening  plate  in  position,  and  to  have  flat  raised  seats 
for  stand  pipe  and  feed  connections.  The  edges  of  head  and 
manhole  face  to  be  turned  off  true. 


28 


MANHOLE 

FITTINGS. 


STEAM 

FLANGES. 


CROSS  HONES. 


The  drum  cross  boxes  to  be  hydraulic  forged  from  a 
single  sheet  without  seams  or  rivets. 


The  manhole  plate  and 
guards  to  be  of  forged  steel. 
The  nuts  case  hardened.  The 
plate,  i i inches  by  1 5 inches, 
to  be  faced  and  turned  to  a 
true  oval  to  fit  head. 


The  steam  flanges,  inches 
by  inches  diameter,  of  forged 
steel,  recessed  to  make  a male 
and  female  joint,  fitted  with 
stud  bolts,  with  taper  threads 
and  inside  keeper  nuts  ; outside 
nuts  case  hardened. 


2 9 


TULili  SHEDS. 


SECTIONS. 


* 


The  sections  to  be  built  up  of  4-inch  tubes  made  of  the 
best  knobbled,  hammered  charcoal  iron  blooms,  of  standard 
weight,  and  of  such  quality  that  a i-inch  section  shall,  when 
subjected  to  three  blows  from  a 1 500-pound  hammer  dropped 
five  feet,  be  crushed  into  itself  without  showing  cracks  or 
flaws. 

150979 


The  tubes  to  be  expanded  into  forged  steel  headers  of 
serpentine  form,  disposing  the  tubes  in  a staggered  position 
when  assembled  in  the  furnace. 


4* 


3 


HAND-HOLES. 


HAND-HOLE 

FITTINGS. 


A hand-hole  of  sufficient  size  to  permit  the  cleaning, 
removal  and  renewal  of  a tube  to  be  placed  opposite  each 
tube  end,  said  hand-hole  to  have  a raised  seat  milled  off  to  a 
true  surface.  i-—...--' 


The  hand-holes  to  be  closed  on  the  outside  by  a forged 
steel  cap  milled  to  a true  surface,  and  to  be  held  in  position 
by  a forged  steel  safety  clamp,  closing  the  hand-hole  opening 
from  the  inside,  secured  by  a ball-headed  bolt  to  insure 
correct  alignment,  and  a forged  cap  nut.  All  joints  to  be 
made  tight,  metal  to  metal,  without  packing  of  any  kind. 


MUD-DRUMS. 


To  be  12  inches  diameter  and  of  proper  width  to  be 
connected  with  all  of  the  sections  in  the  boiler  by  means  of 
wrought  nipples  expanded  into  counterbored  seats.  To  be 
tapped  for  blow-off  connections  on  its  rear  side,  and  furnished 


3 2 


* 

hand-holes.  with  hand-holes  for  cleaning.  The  hand-hole  plates  to  be 

faced  and  cap  nuts  to  be  used  for  hand-hole  bolts,  to  avoid 
sticking  from  outside  corrosion. 

The  mud-drums  to  be  of  best  car-wheel  mixture  charcoal 
cold  blast  iron,  tested  to  400  pounds  pressure. 


4 


33 


-« 


SAFETY 

VALVES. 


STEAM  GAUGE. 


STAND  PIPE 


WATER  GAUGE 


TRY  COCKS. 


BLOW-OFF. 


COMBINATION 
STOP  AND 
CHECK. 


VALVES  AND  FITTINGS. 

Each  boiler  to  be  provided  with 
“Consolidated  Co.’s”  nickel  seated  safety 
valves,  inches  diameter,  set  to  blow 
at  200  pounds 
(unless  otherwise 
ordered). 

One  Ashcroft 
steam  gauge,  with 
ia.O-inch  dial,  and  inside  syphon, 
mounted  in  a heavy  brass  case. 

One  stand  pipe  fitted  with  extra 
heavy  bronze  mountings  for  glass 
water  guage,  with  special  shut-off  device  operated  from  fire 
room  floor,  to  allow  renewal  of  glass  when  under  pressure. 

Three  try  cocks 
with  lifting  handles 
for  operating  from 
fire  room  floor,  fitted  ] I i 


with 


steam 


metal 


valves 


arranged 


for 


pres- 


under 
sure. 

Independ- 
ent blow-off 
pipes  for  bot- 
tom of  col- 
umn, and 
ried  down  the 
front,  terminating  with  valves  at  height  of  hand 

FEED  CONNECTIONS 


A combination  stop  and 
check  valve  of  heavy  bronze 
pattern,  to  be  flanged  di- 
rectly to  the  drum  head, 
operating  automatically  in 
case  of  rupture  of  feed 
piping. 


34 


STOP  VALVE. 
CHECK  VALVE 


BLOW-OFF 


CLEANING 

VALVES. 

PIPE  AND 
FITTINGS. 


STEAM  OUTLET 


WKOUGHT-IRON 

FRAME. 


FIRING 

FRONTS. 


One  stop  valve  for  feed,  inches  diameter,  and 

One  check  valve  for  feed,  inches  diameter,  to  be 
placed  hand  high  from  boiler-room  floor,  connected  by  flanges, 
to  allow  of  removal  without  disturbing  main  feed  line. 

Two  inch  blow-off  valves,  with  loose  sleeve  for  blow- 
off  pipe,  for  building  into  brick  work,  to  allow  for  expansion 
and  contraction. 

Two  3^ -inch  stop  valves  connected  to  steam  and  safety 
valve  outlets,  for  cleaning  hose  connection. 

Extra  heavy  brass  pipe,  and  bronze  fittings,  to  be  used 
for  connecting  all  the  above  mountings  to  the  boiler.  All 
angles  in  feed  and  stand  pipe  connections  to  be  made  with 
crosses  and  tees  for  cleaning. 


CROSS  PIPES. 

FOR  DOUBLE  DRUM  BOILERS. 

The  steam  drums  to  be  connected  by  a balance  pipe 
upon  which  the  safety  valves  are  to  be  mounted,  and  a cross 
pipe  for  steam  valve. 

Steam  delivery  outlet,  inches  diameter,  inch  flange. 

BOILER  FRONT 

The  front  of  the  battery  to  be  of  an  ornamental  design, 
consisting  of  a heavy 
wrought-iron  I and 
channel  beam  frame, 
fitted  with  large 
doors  for  access  to 
the  hand-hole  plates 
and  front  headers. 

The  fire  fronts 
arranged  to  allow  for 
expansion  and  con- 
traction. Independ- 
ent frames  for  fire 
doors  bolted  on,  and 
ash  doors  fitted  with 
blast  catches. 

All  joints  to  be 
fitted  and  faces  of 
doors  planed. 


FURNACE  AND  WALL  FIXTURES. 


FIRE-DOOR 

FITTINGS. 


GRATES. 


FLAME 

BRIDGES. 


Dead  plates  and  supports,  the  plates  to  be  arranged  for 
a fire-brick  lining. 

Fire-brick  arches  and  jambs  for  fire-door  openings. 

A full  set  of  grate  bars  and  bearers,  the  latter  to  be 
fitted  with  expansion  sockets  for  side  wall. 

Two  sets  of  flame  bridge  plates  with  bolts  and  backing 
rings,  and  special  fire-brick  for  lining  the  same. 


BRIDGE  WALL 
GIRDER. 

CLEANING 

DOORS. 

DAMPER. 


BUCKSTAYS, 

ETC. 


One  bridge  wall  girder  for  hanging  bridge,  fitted  with 
expansion  sockets  for  side  wall. 

A full  set  of  cleaning  and  ash  doors  for  side  walls,  giving 
access  to  all  parts  for  exterior  cleaning. 

One  swing  damper  and  frame,  with  an  auxiliary  slide 
for  closing  tight  when  boiler  is  out  of  service. 

And  the  necessary  buckstays,  tie  and  anchor  rods, 
anchor  plates  and  lintels  for  securing  all  parts  in  position. 


i 


TOOLS. 

steel  wrenches  for  hand-hole  nuts. 

Two  tube  scrapers,  with  handles. 

One  set  of  fire  tools,  consisting  of  poker,  slice  bar 
and  hoe. 

One  set  of  best  steam  hose  and  cleaning  pipe  for  blow- 
ing dust  and  soot  from  the  exterior  of  tubes. 

MATERIAL  AND  WORKMANSHIP. 

All  materials  to  be  of  the  best  quality,  each  specially 
adapted  to  the  service  required,  and  the  workmanship  to  be 
first-class  in  every  particular. 

WORKING  PRESSURE. 

The  boiler,  as  specified,  will  carry  200  poupdfi-prqssur.e^ 
if  desired. 


WEIGHT. 

SPACE. 


BRICK  WORK 


TESTING. 

All  pressure  parts  to  be  tested  and  made  tight  under 
hydrostatic  pressure  before  leaving  shop,  as  follows  : 
Sections,  400  pounds. 

Drums,  300  pounds. 

Mud-drums,  400  pounds. 

When  erected  complete  on  foundations,  the  whole 
structure  to  be  tested  and  made  tight  at  300  pounds  pressure. 


WEIGHT,  SPACE  AND  BRICK  WORK. 

Approximate  shipping  weight,  pounds. 

The  space  occupied  by  the  battery,  including  brick 
work,  feet  inches  long,  feet  inches  wide,  feet 
inches  high  to  the  top  of  steam  flange. 

The  brick  work  (to  be  provided  by  the  purchaser),  will 
require  about 

fire  bricks  and 
red  bricks, 

Not  including  foundations  or  flues. 


4 


37 


ERECTING. 


DELIVERY. 


TERMS. 


LIMIT 


DELIVERY 


Full  drawings  and  directions  for  erecting  to  be  furnished, 
and  services  of  man  to  do  mechanical  work  and  superintend 
erection,  board  and  traveling  expenses  to  be  paid  by  pur- 
chaser, who  is  also  to  furnish  the  ordinary  labor. 

To  be  delivered  f.  o.  b.  New  York. 

Price  as  per  accompanying  letter. 

One-half  payable  on  presentation  of  sight  draft  with 
shipping  receipt.  Balance,  sixty  days  from  shipment. 
Foreign  and  mining  shipments  on  presentation  of  bill  of 
lading. 

This  proposal  will  be  void,  unless  accepted  within 
thirty  days. 

Deliveries  subject  to  strikes,  accidents  or  causes  beyond 
our  control. 


The  Babcock  & Wilcox  Co. 


THE  BABCOCK  & WILCOX  CO.. 

29  CORTLANDT  STREET,  NEW  YORK,  U S.  A. 


NAT.  W PRATT,  PRESIDENT 

E.  H.  BENNETT,  vice-president. 
F.  G.  BOURNE. 


Directors  : 

J G.  WARD,  TREASURER. 

CHAS.  A MILLER.  SECRETARY 
CHARLES  A.  KNIGHT 


Branch  Offices: 


BOSTON,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A 

S Oliver  Street. 
PHILADELPHIA,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A.: 

32  N.  Fifth  Street. 
PITTSBURGH,  Pa,  U.  S.  A.: 

1014  Carnegie  Building. 
CINCINNATI,  O.,  U.  S.  A.: 

906  Neave  Building. 

ST.  LOUIS,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A.: 

817  Security  Building. 
MONTREAL,  Canada  : 

415  Board  of  Trade  Building. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A.: 

32  First  Street. 


CHICAGO,  III.,  U.  S.  A.: 

910  Masonic  Temple. 
MINNEAPOLIS,  Minn.,  U.  S.  A.: 

604  Corn  Exchange. 

CLE\  ELAND,  O.,  U.  S.  A. : 

Cuyahoga  Building. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  La.,  U.  S.  A.  • 

339  Carondelet  Street. 
HAVANA,  Cuba: 

116J4  Cali.e  de  la  Ha  ban  a 
ATLANTA,  Ga.,  U.  S.  A. 

819  Equitable  Building, 
BUFFALO,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A.: 

C.  M.  Morse. 


CABLE  ADDRESSES:  For  New  York,  - CLONE  BOXES"  ; For  Havana,  “ BABCOCK .” 


BABCOCK  & WILCOX,  Limited, 

147  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  LONDON,  E.  C. 


Directors  : 

ANDREW  STEWART,  chairman. 

SIR  WILLIAM  ARR0L.  CHAS.  A.  KNIGHT,  managing  director. 

ARTHUR  T.  SIMPSON,  M.I.C.E.,  M.I.M.E.  JAMES  H.  ROSENTHAL.  MGR.,  LONDON 

I.  G MAIR  RUMLEY,  M.I.C.E.,  Mem.  Council  I.M.E.  WALTER  SHAW,  secretary. 


Offices  : 


LONDON,  England  : 

147  Queen  Victoria  Street. 
GLASGOW,  Scotland: 

21  Bothwell  Street. 

PARIS,  France: 

15  Rue  de  la  Chausee  d’Antin 


MILAN,  Italy: 

7 Via  Dante 
BRUSSELS,  Belgium: 

68  Boulevard  du  Nord. 
SYDNEY,  N.  S.  W.,  Australia: 
83  Pitt  Street. 


Representatives  : 


BERLIN  Germany: 

Berliner  Maschinenbau  Actien-Gesell- 

SCHAFT.  VoRMALS  L.  SCHWA  RTZKOPFF. 

VIENNA,  Austria: 

Ekste  Brunner  Maschinen  Fauriks-Gb- 

SELLSCHAFT. 

THE  HAGUE,  Holland: 

W.  Schlusen. 

COPENHAGEN,  Denmark: 

C.  H.  D Zahrtmann. 

CHRISTIANIA,  Norway: 

A.  L.  Thunb,  Mechanisk  Vaerksted. 
HELSINGFORS,  Finland: 

Fritz  Wilen. 

BARCELONA,  Spain: 

A lfonso  Flaquer 


FLORENCE,  Italy: 

A.  Edlmann. 

MEXICO,  Mexico: 

F.  M.  De  Prez  & Co. 

SAN  JOSE,  Costa  Rica,  C.  A. 

E.  G.  Chamberlain. 

BUENOS  AYRES,  Argentine  Republic: 

Agar,  Cross  & Co. 

COLOMBO,  Ceylon  : 

Walker,  Sons  & Co.,  Ltd. 
TIRHOOT,  East  India: 

Arthur  Butler. 

SOERABAYA,  Java  : 

J.  Grundel. 

JOHANNESBURG,  Transvaal,  South  Africa: 
Reunert  & Lknz. 


CABLE  ADDRESS : For  London,  Glasgow,  Paris  and  'Brussels,  “ dlA'BCOCK.” 


